Hunayn ibn Ishaq: why translate Galen twice?
In the ninth century, Hunayn translated Galen into Syriac and Arabic for different readers. The Arabic version may preserve material lost in Greek.

Hunayn’s own list of translations
A Cambridge study asks why Hunayn, the master translator into Arabic, also made Syriac translations. It reports that his Risala lists 96 Galenic works translated into Syriac and 35 into Arabic, and cautions against treating Syriac as merely an intermediate step. The research record models these as multiple commissioned pathways, not one pipeline. Cambridge University Press / Gerlach Press ↗
What Arabic preserved
A study of Galen's Commentary on the Hippocratic Epidemics in the Arabic tradition shows that Hunayn's translation preserves large sections now lost in Greek, and surveys its manuscripts and clinical reception. Here translation is not only reception; it is textual preservation. Cambridge University Press / Arabic Sciences and Philosophy ↗
A small book, a textual witness
Research on the Arabic version of Galen's Ars Parva documents its textual value and its differences from the printed Greek editions, another case where the translated text helps reconstruct the Greek tradition. Cambridge University Press / Journal of Hellenic Studies ↗
How can two translations reveal their routes?
Around 1199 in Béziers, two Hebrew translations of Galen's Tegni were made: one from Latin, one from Arabic using Hunayn's version with Ibn Ridwan's commentary. Two routes into one language in one year. What would you look for in the Hebrew texts to tell which route each took? Cambridge University Press / Arabic Sciences and Philosophy ↗
Sources to Explore
- Why Did Hunayn, the Master Translator into Arabic, Make Translations into Syriac?
- Case Notes and Clinicians: Galen's Commentary on the Hippocratic Epidemics in the Arabic Tradition
- The Arabic version of Galen's Ars Parva
- Philosophy and Medicine in Jewish Provence, anno 1199: Samuel Ibn Tibbon and Doeg the Edomite translating Galen's Tegni